![]() The advantages to full-duplex on FM satellites are significant. But there is no question that by operating full-duplex, your success rate will be higher, as will your understanding of why you might not be heard. There are plenty of people-myself included-who have made satellite contacts using half- duplex with a single dual-band HT. Those gaps occur and can better plan your transmissions during those gaps.Īlso allows you to monitor the quality of your own signal in real time, whichĬan help you adjust your antenna to compensate for polarity shift fading, for By using full-duplex during a pass, you will know when During passes, there are inevitably breaks or gaps in between other ![]() Real time, you could be passed over by a stronger signal and not realize it isĪble to access an FM satellite at a time, there could be several people tryingĪt once. As with FM reception in general, the CaptureĮffect comes into play, meaning if several FM signals are present, only the Satellites are essentially orbiting repeaters, meaning only one signal will be Both theĪO91 and AO92 FM satellites use a 70 centimeter uplink. If it’s your transmit frequency, notĪdjusting for Doppler can prevent you from accessing the satellite. This could be your transmit or receive frequency, depending on Operators, this means you will need to adjust your 70 centimeter frequencyĭuring the pass. Shift is more pronounced the higher in frequency you go. ![]() Shift in pitch as it moves past your stationary position. The tone of the whistle itself never changes, but you hear a Will shift slightly, just like the train whistle that goes down in pitch as it As they move across the sky, the frequencies they use There are a few major obstacles that can affectĪre a moving transmitter. It turns out there are a few reasons for this,Īnd all boil down to one basic fact: You need to be able to hear when you are But then I started noticing that I would call I had a dual-band HT and a handheld dual-band Yagi, and I thought I was reasonably Working FM satellites, full-duplex seemed like an unnecessary step. One of the things they kept hammering home was the need toīe able to send and receive simultaneously-what is known as full-duplex operating-to have great Starting out on sats in 2012, I had some great ops who mentored me and got me You transmit (or uplink) your signal on oneīand and receive (or downlink) your signal on the other. LikeĪny other aspect of Amateur Radio, learning proper skills and technique can Of license, and not dependent on good solar conditions for propagation. Working stations on the “birds.” It’s portable, predictable, open to all levels WithĪ small amount of gear and a little practice, anybody can get involved in Operating is one of the great activities available to Ham Radio operators.
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